AP Physics 1 / Topic

Torque and Rotational Dynamics

Unit 5 extends Newton's laws to rotation: torque, rotational equilibrium (beams, seesaws, ladders), rotational inertia, angular kinematics, and Newton's second law for rotation.

39 practice questions3 FRQs6 skill areas

What the exam asks

  • Compute torque including the angle and lever-arm dependence
  • Solve static equilibrium problems where net force and net torque are both zero
  • Compare rotational inertias from mass distribution (point masses, rods, disks, hoops)
  • Apply angular kinematics for constant angular acceleration
  • Use Στ = Iα, including pulleys with mass and Atwood-style machines

Key formulas and rules

Torque

τ = rF sinθ (r from pivot to where the force acts)

Equilibrium

ΣF = 0 and Στ = 0 about ANY pivot point

Rotational inertia

I = Σmr²; mass farther from axis ⇒ larger I

Newton's 2nd law for rotation

Στ = Iα

Angular kinematics

ω = ω0 + αt; θ = ω0t + ½αt²; linear links: v = rω, a = rα

Question bank breakdown

Multiple choice

39

Free response

3

Difficulty mix

11 easy · 22 medium · 6 hard

Skills covered

Rotational KinematicsTorqueRotational EquilibriumRotational InertiaNewton's Second Law for RotationRolling Without Slipping

Every question in the bank comes with a worked explanation, and most add a per-choice breakdown so you learn why each wrong answer is wrong - not just the key.

Sample question

From the free tier of the ScoreMint AP Physics 1 bank - try it, then check the answer.

A wheel starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 4.0 rad/s24.0 \text{ rad/s}^2 for 5.0 s5.0 \text{ s}. How many complete revolutions does the wheel make during this time?

  • A. 4.04.0 revolutions
  • B. 7.97.9 revolutions
  • C. 1010 revolutions
  • D. 15.915.9 revolutions
Show answer and explanation

Answer: B. This problem applies rotational kinematics, which parallels linear kinematics. Starting from rest (ω0=0\omega_0 = 0), the angular displacement is θ=12αt2=12(4.0)(5.0)2=50\theta = \frac{1}{2}\alpha t^2 = \frac{1}{2}(4.0)(5.0)^2 = 50 rad. To convert radians to revolutions, divide by 2π2\pi: 50/(2π)7.9650/(2\pi) \approx 7.96 revolutions. The rotational kinematic equations have the same form as their linear counterparts: θx\theta \leftrightarrow x, ωv\omega \leftrightarrow v, αa\alpha \leftrightarrow a.

Study tip

In beam problems, put the pivot at the point where an unknown force acts - that force's torque vanishes and the equation solves itself with one unknown.